Menhaden? Who knew?

Reedville, Virginia

Have you ever even heard of menhaden? We certainly hadn't until we visited the Reedville Fishermen's Museum in Reedville, Virginia the other day. Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, and bunker, are small, smelly, oily, bony forage fish that swim in great schools and made millionaires of Reedville's 19th century sea captains.

menhaden fish reedville virginia

When we sailed up Cockrell Creek a few days ago, we passed by several large fishing boats and wondered what kind of fishing they did.

menhaden fishing boats reedville virginia

Further up the creek, we saw what appeared to be a large, solitary chimney and on the opposite shore, the ruins of several brick buildings. We had no idea about their history, but after a visit to the Reedville Fishermen's Museum, we became enlightened.

processing plant ruins reedville virginia

Though the museum offers lots of interesting displays and information about the area's history, the biggest revelation for us was its video, displays and exhibits specific to the menhaden industry. According to The House and Home magazine, “At one time in Reedville’s history, fifteen different fish factories lined the shores of Cockrell’s Creek [those ruins we saw], which earned Reedville the grand distinction as one of the most affluent towns, per capita, in the entire United States.” Evidence is Elijah Reed's house still standing grandly and proudly on Main St.

reedhouse reedville virginia

A quote from noted conservationist, Rachel Carson, states “ … almost every person in the United States has at some time eaten, used or worn something made from menhaden.” Really? Like what, for instance? Well … fish oil, pet foods, chicken feed and fertilizer for a start. Because it's high in Omega-3, it is used in dietary supplements. It's also a raw material in the cosmetics industry for making lipstick. Even Reedville's water tower reminds us that menhaden was the backbone of this once-thriving community.

reedville virginia water tower

I found an interesting website “Six reasons why Menhaden are the greatest fish ever fished”. It opened our eyes to even more menhaden facts. “Menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, is, without a doubt, the single most important fish in the western Atlantic. This oily filter-feeder swims in schools so large that they block the sun from penetrating the water’s surface as it regulates ocean health.”

menhaden-school-8-30-2014a-don-riepe-575w

More interesting trivia from the same internet article ... “Native Americans (Narragansetts) in precolonial America called the fish ‘munnawhatteaug,' which translates to ‘fertilizer.' In a legend about the Plymouth Colony, a local tribe taught the first settlers to plant a fish with their corn to make it grow stronger.” Yup, that fish was a menhaden. Menhaden were also known as poghaden, bony-fish, whitefish, pogy, fat-bat, and bugheads. Who knew?

Okay … enough fish stories. We're slowly heading up the Potomac River towards Washington, DC. Come share the ride!

Zoos and Butterflies in Suriname

zoos and butterflies We have mixed emotions about zoos. We've been to some spectacular ones like the Denver Zoo, for instance, and we've visited some smaller zoos in the Amazonia that were revolting. In all cases, the animals are spectacles, on view for all to see, and in enclosures. The type and size of the enclosures and the care given to the animals is paramount in how we rate the zoo. We passed up the zoo in Cayenne, but we were close to the Paramaribo Zoo and had the time. It's a small zoo, hidden away in a wooded area north of the city, accessible by a narrow, bumpy road with limited signage. Not many people visit though the admission is fairly cheap (SRD10/pp). It's an uninspiring place.

paramaribo zoo

It was a hot day and the animals were naturally lethargic … as were we. We were interested in the zoo because it specialized in South American species. No polar bears or kangaroos or buffalos, but instead tapirs and anacondas and colorful, exotic birds. For instance, we'd never seen a Harpie eagle in the flesh, but of course, his small enclosure made us sad for him instead of excited about seeing one for the first time.

harpie eagle paramaribo zoo

The anteater was out and about, snuffling for ants. The single anaconda was all coiled up in the grass trying to stay cool in his cage and the spectacled caiman was eyes-only above the murky, trash-filled waterhole in which he lived.

anteater paramaribo zoo

A lone tapir roamed his enclosure, as did a couple peccaries and coatis. Two river otters seemed to be enjoying their small pool of water, but they were hard to see. A few monkeys were playing in the trees behind the cages and they were much more fascinating than the caged animals.

tapir paramaribo zoo

Many of the signs had both Dutch and English descriptions. Some of the signs were missing. In other cases, there were signs, but the cages were empty. Most of the cages were surrounded in a fine mesh with a single bar in front to keep people away. Bad for photos and totally useless to keep people out. Unsupervised kids ran in front of the bars, threw rocks and trash at the animals and banged on cages. No one on the supervisory staff seemed to be aware or care. When I scolded one little boy for throwing rocks at the jaguar, he gave me a dirty look, threw another rock and moved on. No parents in sight. The jaguar looked unconcerned.

The birds were gorgeous, but there were several of them crowded in each cage. Photographing them behind bars is not very satisfying. The zoo was depressing, and we left.

birds paramaribo zoo

We'd heard about the Neotropical Butterfly Park and decided it was probably worth a visit. For some reason, we never feel quite as sorry for butterflies bred in captivity for display. We made our way south out of the Parbo to Lelydorp. The parking lot for the butterfly park was nearly empty and we weren't sure whether it was even open. It was. The admission price was steep (SRD35/pp) for Suriname. I doubt many locals get to visit.

butterfly park paramaribo

There were a couple of buildings to explore on our own before heading on a guided tour. The Insect Museum came first. Primarily concentrating on butterflies and moths, it gave the arachnids and roaches and beetles and other 6-legged critters their fair share of display place. I noted that all specimens were actually from Suriname which made my skin crawl.

insect museum paramaribo

Here's some butterfly trivia for you … “Worldwide there are an estimated 20,000 species of butterflies with roughly ten times more moths.” In Suriname, 1,460 butterfly species have been identified.

A small gallery next door had mediocre quality bird and animal paintings on display. Upstairs in the same building was the panorama with associated audio, touted as “”a hand painted 360⁰ panoramic view of typical Surinamese landscapes”. We were unimpressed, but then maybe we're getting jaded in our old age.

The “vlindertuin” was my favorite part … the butterfly garden. We were able to photograph several beauties before the guide corralled us for a tour.

heliconius paramaribo buttlerfly park

 

anartia in butterfly park paramaribo

 

blue black in butterfly park paramaribo

We didn't realize that the park also bred boa constrictors and turtles for export. We passed by cage after cage of constrictors and then a large area of caged white rats (boa cafeteria) before heading to the turtle hatchery. Honestly, we were less interested in the snakes and turtles and more interested in the butterflies, but we plodded along.

boa in butterfly park paramaribo

 

baby turtles butterfly park paramaribo

In another small building, we watched slow-working, bored ladies chatting behind glass while picking and packaging butterfly pupas for export to butterfly parks around the world. With so few visitors, you'd think they'd at least make an effort to look interested in their work when guests walked by, but instead they chose to ignore us.

bored butterfly park worker paramaribo

We were led into another room full of lovely blue morphos that had hatched a week or so before. The males are large and black with a contrasting metallic blue on their wings. Absolutely lovely. The females … drab brown and yellow.

blue morpho butterfly park paramaribo

New hatchlings gathered together in clusters, a form of protection … safety in numbers.

cluster of butterflies butterfly park paramaribo

We followed the guide on a wooded path where she pointed out trees and shrubs, but unfortunately the names were all in Dutch and she didn't know them in English. She led us back to the entrance building, thinking we were ready to leave. Au contraire...we wanted our money's worth and headed back to wander through the butterfly garden again.

julia in butterfly park paramaribo

 

butterfly bliss

All in all, a less than satisfactory day in the animal/insect department. Still, had we not gone to the zoo and butterfly park, we'd have probably regretted it. As Mark Twain so aptly put it … “Twenty years from now, you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do.” With that in mind, we're glad we went.

Want to see more butterflies? Check out our butterfly page on the Nine of Cups website.

Back to the boat for a couple of chore days, but more exploring to come. Stay tuned.

Today's Dutch words – dagvlinder en nachtvlinder – day butterfly and night butterfly (moth)

Lessons in Nature - Lüderitz Peninsula

Geology, flora, fauna and scat

One thing about exploring an area with knowledgeable locals, you don't miss much. Between Ian and Doris, we had short lessons on local flora, fauna, animal tracks and scat, geology, topography, climate, weather, desert life and the list goes on. It was outstanding. The entire Lüderitz peninsula is criss-crossed with 4x4 roads marked with rock cairns and Ian's Jeep took the gravel and rocks and the steep inclines and descents with ease. Ian would stop in a seemingly barren area for no apparent reason. We'd get out and we'd find the most amazing things.

middle of nowhere luderitz

As we crested hills, the views of the lagoon and bays below were stupendous.

lagoon luderitz

He'd point out tracks in the sand … hyena, porcupine, springbok, a snake. Soon we'd see scat … porcupine, spring hare, springbok. I know, I know. I forget to take pictures of us eating crayfish, but I manage photos of animal scat. Go figure. Porcupine scat looks like dates, we were told. Hmm … I'm sure that piece of information will stick in my mind when other more important info will soon be forgotten. This isn't the first picture of scat I've provided though … remember that square wombat poo back in Tasmania?  Anyhow, porcupine are nocturnal so we didn't see any, but you can view them at the Namibia Travel link which also includes a National Geographic video of porcupine vs. lion.

porcupine scat in luderitz namibia

We followed the porcupine tracks and scat to a rocky outcrop with small caves that looked to be in recent use. Doris pointed out porcupine quills along the path, which we gathered with the same enthusiasm as we'd had gathering shells … and rocks and ... (Who knows when I'll need a quill?)

porcupine quills luderitz namibia

Ian filled us in on the geology of the place. There's amphibolite, a metamorphic rock and lots of quartz and iron in some places, sandstone in others. We saw feldspar and mica and other combinations of silica-dioxide. David liked the mica. It's used as an insulator for electronic components. He now keeps the piece he collected in his electronics drawer with his other electronic treasures.

mica from luderitz namiba

Midst all the rocks and parched, barren land, a touch of color caught my eye, a yellow ragwort blossom ... noxious weed, but color nonetheless, and hardy enough to exist in this harsh environment.

ragwort luderitz namibia

Then a splotch of bright pink flowers appeared on the roadside and this native plant had a story. It was Bushman's Candle, Doris informed us. The dried thick, thorny stems, about the size of a skinny cigar, were picked by the native San and used as an insect repellent. Doris lit one and smelling the thick smoke evoked childhood memories of frankincense and myrrh incense burned in my church at Mass. Another plant, Babies Thumbs, was used by the San also. When in dire need of something to drink, its bitter juice provided enough liquid to sustain life. It was also a laxative … gotta watch out for that.

bushmans candle luderitz namibia

A tok-tokkie beetle swiftly wended its way through the sand hiding in the shadow of a rock. They get their generic name from the tok-tok-tok sound they make when attracting a mate. There are hundreds of species of this beetle that have adapted well to desert life in the Namib like the fogstand beetle we saw the other day at Kolmanskoppe.

tok tokkie beetle luderitz namibia

In the bird department, we saw greater flamingos and lesser flamingos, African black oystercatchers, gulls and cormorants, weavers, a shrike, Hottentot teals and a startled bustard that took flight as we came around a corner. No pictures of the good ones … sigh! They were all too far away and shooting from a moving Jeep over a rough road is not ideal. Doris did pick up a shark egg case aka mermaids purse, while we were walking along the beach and I had to admit, though I'd seen one before, I didn't know what it was until she told me. I think it might be from an elephant shark, but I'm no expert.

shark egg case

All in all, the best kind of day … fun, informative and spent with new friends.

What's next? We never really know until it happens, but I'm sure it'll be something wonderful.